In the same manner, molecular biology of head and neck cancer covenants with the study of genetic molecules, mutated genes, onco proteins. The baseline risk of developing cancer is acted on throughout life as the genome of different cells interacts with the environment in the form of. Indeed, head and neck scc hnscc was one of the first carcinomas to be linked with p53 mutations caused by tobacco usage. Patients present with a differential baseline risk of cancer based on normal and expected variations in genes associated with cancer. Molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head. Introduction definition nomenclature classification epidemiology etiology molecular biology tumor metastasis clinical features 2. Indeed, hnscc was one of the first carcinomas to be linked with p53 mutations caused by tobacco usage 1. Occurrence of gene deletions and human papillomavirus infection in human head and neck cancer. Molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Pdf molecular biology in head and neck cancer vinayan kv academia.
The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer nature. Head and neck cancer is an unexpectedly heterogeneous disease. Molecular basis of risk factors for development of head and neck cancer. Fanconis anemia is an autosomal recessive dna repair disorder known for its risk of developing lymphoreticular malignancies owing to germline mutations in the caretaker genes. In this present chapter, we will discuss recent insights into the molecular biology of this malignancy. The most well known risk factor for developing head and neck cancer is the deleterious effects of tobacco. Molecular biology of head and neck cancers philip d, noronha v. The persistence of these fields after treatment presents. Alcohol use is synergistic with tobacco in causing hnscc.
Grandis, in oral, head and neck oncology and reconstructive surgery, 2018. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc is the sixth most common form of cancer. Cancer is the common term for all malignant tumors. Dec 16, 2010 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc is a heterogeneous disease that often recurs, prompting the field cancerization hypothesis. Nasopharyngeal cancer arises in the nasopharynx, the region in which the nasal cavities and the eustachian tubes connect with the upper part of the throat. Molecular genetics of head and neck cancer semantic scholar. Molecular determinants of head and neck cancer current cancer research. The not so minor genetic players in head and neck cancers. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc is the sixth most common malignancy in the world, with an annual worldwide incidence of over 600,000 cases. Apr 06, 2020 an update on angiogenesis targeting in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This book will be of interest to researchers who are interested in better understanding the biology of head and neck cancers, with the goals of better designing therapies, identifying risk factors, or investigating the molecular basis of the disease.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas hnscc are among the most prevalent cancers among smokers, linked to alcohol consumption, and the human papillomavirus hpv. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc is a heterogeneous disease that often recurs, prompting the field cancerization hypothesis. Targeted molecular therapy in head and neck squamous cell. Molecular targeted therapies in head and neck cancer an. Head and neck surgery johns hopkins medical school baltimore, md usa milton j dance head and neck center greater baltimore head and neck center baltimore, md usa. Early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc is treated relatively well with singlemodality therapy either surgery or radiation alone. Cancer stem cells and biological behavior of head and neck. This perspective was developed with the assistance of funding from the society of molecular biology and evolution that supported the smbe satellite meeting on the molecular biology and evolution of cancer at the yale school of public health, april 12, 2019, organized by j. The molecular biology of head and neck cancer pubmed. Cancers free fulltext molecular profiling for predictors. Cetuximab remains the sole us fdaapproved molecular targeted therapy available for hnscc, though several new biologic agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor egfr and other pathways are currently in the regulatory approval pipeline. While 75% of hnscc is attributable to smoking and alcohol consumption, a significant proportion of this disease remains unexplained. Nccn clinical practice guidelines in oncology nccn. A small fraction of benign squamous hyperplastic lesions contain 9p21 or 3p21 loss, suggesting that an unidentified precursor lesion or cells may also give rise to dysplasia.
However, in contrast to cancer types such as breast or prostate that have been much studied and have welldefined biology, until recently, relatively few researchers investigated the molecular basis of hnc, making it difficult to design. Molecular biology of carcinogenesis the common head and neck cancers in hong kong are nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx hnscc and thyroid carcinoma. Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by. Mar 19, 2018 the study of molecular regulation in tumor angiogenesis has proven extremely informative in providing further insight into cancer biology and in offering insights into therapeutic response and mechanisms of inhibition that have the potential to be harnessed as a novel approach for cancer therapy. These genetic alterations result in inactivation of. While egfrtargeting approaches have shown significant but limited efficacy and are already approved for treatment in advanced hnscc, other options, such as inhibitors of antiangiogenesis, proteasomes, or multifunctional tyrosine kinases are currently evaluated in phase i or ii studies, either as single. Jul 15, 2019 the danish head and neck cancer group dahanca established in 1976, was set up with the aim of generating guidelines for the treatment of hnsccs based on patient cases. Oral, head and neck oncology and reconstructive surgery. Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and arise from the upper aerodigestive mucosa, salivary glands, and skin. Molecular biology developments in head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancermolecular biologymultimodal treatment.
With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. Request pdf epidemiology and molecular biology of head and neck cancer head and neck cancer is a common and aggressive malignancy with a high morbidity and mortality profile. Histopathology, biology and markers the oral cancer foundation. With the access to modern highthroughput genetic screening, several common, or driver, mutations in oncogenes such as p53, notch1, and hras have emerged. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas hnsccs are caused by tobacco and alcohol consumption and by infection with highrisk types of human papillomavirus hpv. The study of molecular regulation in tumor angiogenesis has proven extremely informative in providing further insight into cancer biology and in offering insights into therapeutic response and mechanisms of inhibition that have the potential to be harnessed as a novel approach for cancer. Oral, head and neck oncology and reconstructive surgery is the first multidisciplinary text to provide readers with a system for managing adult head and neck cancers based upon stage. Molecular biology and clinicopathological correlations. Sanchezcespedes m, okami k, cairns p, sidransky d molecular analysis of the candidate tumor suppressor gene ing1 in human head and neck tumors with q deletions. Molecular biology in head and neck cancer springerlink. Candidate tumor suppressor genes include p16 9p21, p53 17p, and rb q, and a candidate protooncogene includes cyclin d1 11q.
Distribution of the incidence of oscc varies across the world with southcentral asia and africa leading, followed by eastern and central europe, and. Molecular targeted therapies are promising novel treatment options for patients with hnscc. Molecular biology of head and neck cancer pocket dentistry. Molecular biology and immunology of head and neck cancer. The molecular biology of head and neck cancer nature. Cellular principles of invasion and metastasis the spread of cancer cells to distant sites in the body via the blood streamlymphatics is known as metastasis and is the most lethal form of the disease figure 5. Pdf the molecular biology of head and neck cancer researchgate. Figure 332 a hypothetical model of hnscc development depicting the genetic alterations implicated in the process by current data.
Epidemiology and molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Published reports were used to determine the prevalence of hpv in benign, precancerous, and neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Unraveling the molecular genetics of head and neck cancer through. Pdf molecular biology in head and neck cancer vinayan. The aetiology, pathology and treatment response differ among these three common head and neck cancers. Different pathways are active in the development of this cancer and field cancerization is a major problem for the cure in early stage disease. Recent advances in basic research have identified the genetic background underlying head and neck squammous cell carcinomas hnsccs and the molecular pathways defining the biology of hnsccinitiating cell. Different pathways are active in the development of this cancer and field cancerization is a.
Jun, 2019 it is estimated that in 2020, there will be about 833,000 new patients with head and neck cancer primarily squamous cell carcinoma scc worldwide. Dec 18, 2012 molecular targeted therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc continues to make strides, and holds much promise. This book will be of interest to researchers who are interested in better understanding the biology of head and neck cancers, with the goals of better designing therapies, identifying risk factors, or investigating the molecular. Costeffectiveness, oral mucositis, head and neck cancer, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress background the association of chemotherapy ct and radiotherapy rt is the most frequent treatment approach for head and neck cancer hnc in cases of locally advanced disease 1. The prevalence was also examined by head and neck site, hpv type, and method of hpv detection.
Exciting advances are occurring in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of squamous head and neck cancers. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas hnsccs are an aggressive, genetically complex and difficult to treat group of cancers. Head and neck cancer is the 6 th most common cancer worldwide and poses a significant health problem with more than 45,000 new cases in the united states each year. The molecular landscape of recurrent and metastatic head. With head and neck cancer, mutations in caspase 8 casp8 have been observed in 89% of tumors 2 tcga data with a majority occurring in oral cavity scc. Head and neck cancer is a heterogeneous disease that develops through a complex, multistep process involving genetic alterations, growth regulation, apoptosis, immortalization, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis following a series of molecular events influenced by the individuals genetic. Tumours often develop within preneoplastic fields of genetically altered cells.
Request pdf molecular biology and immunology of head and neck cancer in recent years, our knowledge and understanding of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc has expanded dramatically. Angiogenesis is an integral aspect of the growth and proliferation of solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc, and has potential implications in prognosis and treatment of both lo. Molecular biology in head and neck cancer request pdf. Head and neck table of contents discussion updates 1 of 5 nccn guidelines version 1. Carcinogenesis is associated with a wide range of factors and it is known to be a process of transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. Review molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the.
By integrating genotypic and proteomic data into an analysis model, it was found that the proteins chit1, pdgfb, pnkd, rp2, serpinc1, slc4a, stim1, and thpo, as well as the vegfa gene variant rs69947, predicted radiosensitivity of our breast cancer auc 0. These datasets, accompanied by spatial organization information, provide a resource for. And some emerging data are finding that there are different molecular profiles for patients who have hpvpositive versus hpvnegative head and neck. Molecular determinants of head and neck cancer springerlink. Request pdf molecular biology in head and neck cancer major changes in the treatment of head and neck cancer are possible today because of the knowledge that we have on the molecular biology.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck hnscc is a heterogeneous but largely preventable disease with complex molecular abnormalities. A single germline polymorphism was detected in 10 of the tumors analyzed t to c change located 110 nucleotides. It arises from a premalignant progenitor followed by outgrowth of clonal populations associated with cumulative genetic alterations and phenotypic progression to invasive malignancy. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc is the tenth most common cancer in the us and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Jun 04, 2016 molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Epidermal growth factor signal transduction pathway is now the principal target for this disease. Effect of photobiomodulation on the severity of oral. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc is the seventh most common form of cancer in the united states, but other than an association with the human papillomavirus, no validated molecular. Two studies published in this issue of cancer discovery describe the emerging mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas hnscc and their genomic and epigenetic alterations, thus identifying novel actionable cancer drivers and predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies. Although much has been learned about the molecular genetics of head and neck cancers, continued study of multiple genes is critical for further progress. Cell biology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Most genomic alterations in hnscc converge in a handful of molecular pathways, resulting in. Molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and. Improving cure rates and reducing chronic morbidity are urgent clinical needs for head and neck cancer.
Molecular biology has provided important data on the interaction of the hpv oncoproteins with genes important in cell cycle control. Betul catalgol, in progress in molecular biology and translational science, 2012. Prognostic significance of expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Molecular biology head and neck cancer free download as powerpoint presentation. Using an evidencebased approach to the management and treatment of a wide variety of clinical conditions, the extensive experience of the author and contributors in head and neck surgery and oncology are. The prevalence of hpv, particularly the highrisk types, suggests a potential etiologic role for the virus in head and neck cancer. Couch,md, phd, facs a,b,davidneilhayes,md, mph c there is a remarkably diverse array of anatomy and tumor morphologies, with at least 10 anatomic subsites of the head and neck, challenging all members of the multidis. These genetic alterations result in inactivation of multiple tumour. The danish head and neck cancer group dahanca established in 1976, was set up with the aim of generating guidelines for the treatment of hnsccs based on patient cases. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc arises through exposure to environmental carcinogens or human papillomavirus hpv. Major changes in the treatment of head and neck cancer are possible today because of the knowledge that we have on the molecular biology of these tumors. Review molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck b perezordon. Head and neck cancer molecular tumor subtypes documented. Pdf head and neck squamous cell carcinomas hnsccs are caused by tobacco and alcohol consumption and by infection with highrisk types of human.
And some emerging data are finding that there are different molecular profiles for patients who have hpvpositive versus hpvnegative head and neck cancers. Immune landscape of viral and carcinogendriven head and. The molecular pathogenesis of head and neck cancer clinical. Head and neck cancers molecular biology cancer genetics web. Head and neck squamous cell cancers hnscc account for approximately 3 percent of all cancers in the united states. Molecular biology of head and neck cancer gudiseva s. Pdf molecular biology in head and neck cancer vinayan kv. While some nasopharyngeal cancers are biologically similar to the common head and neck squamous cell carcinomas hnsccs, poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma is lymphoepithelioma, which is distinct in its epidemiology, biology. Epidemiology, staging and screening, as well as premalignancy, chemoprevention and the molecular biology of head and neck cancer, lay the groundwork for the understanding of the clinical chapters that follow. Pdf molecular biology of head and neck cancers researchgate.
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